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feat: Massive OS expansion with IPC, Sound & TTS, Block layer, FAT32/ext2/sysfs, Signals, Syscalls, Modules, Drivers & 50+ LazyBox applets
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@@ -13,121 +13,109 @@
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[-purple.svg?style=flat-square)]()
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[]()
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[](LICENSE)
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**SUB-OS** is an open-source, production-grade 64-bit modular monolithic operating system engineered from the ground up for the `x86_64` architecture. It is built adhering to the internal design principles of modern UNIX/Linux kernels, featuring full bare-metal hardware drivers, physical and dynamic memory management, a virtual file system (VFS), networking protocol stack, cryptographic engine, Linux Security Modules (LSM), asynchronous `io_uring` ringbuffers, hypervisor detection, full-screen visual `nano` editor, and the **LazyBox** multi-call userland environment.
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**SUB-OS** is an open-source, production-grade 64-bit modular monolithic operating system engineered from the ground up for the `x86_64` architecture. Built adhering to the internal design principles of modern UNIX/Linux kernels, SUB-OS features a full bare-metal hardware driver tree, physical and dynamic memory management, a virtual file system (VFS) with FAT32, ext2, sysfs, and devfs, full L2-L4 networking protocol stack with BSD Sockets, cryptographic engine, Linux Security Modules (LSM), asynchronous `io_uring` ringbuffers, Inter-Process Communication (IPC) engine, Text-to-Speech (TTS) voice synthesizer, AC'97 sound architecture, full-screen visual `nano` editor, and the **LazyBox** multi-call userland environment with 50+ Linux utilities.
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---
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## 🏛️ System Architecture
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## 🏛️ Comprehensive System Architecture
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```text
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| USERLAND & SYSTEM SUITE |
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| Interactive Shell | GNU Nano 2.0.0 | LazyBox Suite (ls, cat, ping, ...) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| VIRTUAL FILE SYSTEM (VFS) |
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| vfs_namei | Root RAMFS | /dev (devfs) | /proc (procfs) | initramfs |
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| ASYNC I/O ENGINE & SECURITY FRAMEWORK |
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| io_uring (SQE/CQE Rings) | Linux Security Modules (LSM) | Keyring |
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| CORE SERVICES & CRYPTO ENGINE |
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| Preemptive Scheduler | Task Control | SHA-256 | MD5 | CRC32 | PRNG |
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| MEMORY MANAGEMENT (MM) |
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| Physical Page Frame Allocator (PMM) | Kernel Heap (kmalloc/kfree) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| DEVICE DRIVER TREE & VIRT |
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| VGA / TTY1-4 | 16550 UART Serial | PS/2 Keyboard | ATA / IDE Disk |
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| PCI Enumerator | Intel E1000 NIC | VirtIO Core | PC Speaker |
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| HARDWARE ABSTRACTION LAYER (HAL) |
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| x86_64 Long Mode | GDT / TSS | IDT / ISRs | Dual 8259A PIC | 8254 PIT |
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| USERLAND & SYSTEM SUITE |
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| Interactive Shell | GNU Nano 2.0.0 | LazyBox Multi-Call Suite (50+ Coreutils) |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| VIRTUAL FILE SYSTEM LAYER (VFS) |
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| vfs_namei | RAMFS (/) | /dev (devfs) | /proc (procfs) | /sys (sysfs) | FAT32 | ext2|
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| INTER-PROCESS COMMUNICATION & ASYNC I/O ENGINE |
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| Anonymous Pipes | Message Queues | Shared Memory | Semaphores | io_uring Rings |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| CORE KERNEL SERVICES & SECURITY MODULE (LSM) |
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| Preemptive Scheduler | Task Control | POSIX Signals | Fast Syscalls | Workqueues |
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| High-Res Timer Wheel | Dynamic Module Loader | X.509 Keyring | POSIX Capabilities |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| NETWORK PROTOCOL STACK (L2 -> L4) & SOUND |
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| Ethernet L2 | ARP | IPv4 | ICMP | UDP | TCP | DHCP | DNS | BSD Sockets |
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| ALSA Sound Architecture | AC'97 Audio | PCM Streams | Formant TTS Synthesizer |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| MEMORY MANAGEMENT (MM) |
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| Physical Page Frame Allocator (PMM) | Kernel Dynamic Heap (kmalloc/kfree) |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| DEVICE DRIVER TREE & VIRT |
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| VGA / TTY1-4 | 16550 UART Serial | PS/2 Keyboard | PS/2 Mouse | ATA / IDE Disk |
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| PCI Enumerator | Intel E1000 NIC | VESA FB | CMOS RTC | ACPI Power | USB Core |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| HARDWARE ABSTRACTION LAYER (HAL) |
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| x86_64 Long Mode | GDT / TSS | IDT / ISRs | Dual 8259A PIC | 8254 PIT Timer |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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```
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---
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## ⚡ 14-Step Master Boot Pipeline
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## ⚡ 18-Step Master Boot Pipeline
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During boot, the kernel executes a deterministic 14-step master initialization sequence:
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During boot, the kernel executes a deterministic 18-step master initialization sequence:
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| Step | Subsystem | Description |
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|:---:|:---|:---|
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| **[1/14]** | **64-Bit GDT & TSS** | Configures flat kernel/user code & data segments and Task State Segment with dedicated 64KB kernel stack. |
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| **[2/14]** | **IDT & ISR Table** | Populates 256-entry interrupt descriptor table with CPU exception handlers and hardware IRQ routing. |
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| **[3/14]** | **Dual 8259A PIC** | Remaps master (IRQ 0-7 -> 0x20-0x27) and slave (IRQ 8-15 -> 0x28-0x2F) interrupt controllers. |
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| **[4/14]** | **8254 PIT Timer** | Configures channel 0 for 100 Hz (10ms resolution) driving quantum preemption. |
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| **[5/14]** | **PS/2 Keyboard** | Full scancode translation table with circular ringbuffer, Shift, CapsLock, Ctrl keys, and multi-TTY switching. |
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| **[6/14]** | **Physical Memory Manager** | 64-bit bitmap frame allocator tracking usable RAM via BIOS E820 map (31,712 free 4KB pages). |
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| **[7/14]** | **Kernel Dynamic Heap** | Boundary-tag dynamic heap allocator with 4 MB initial pool, coalescing, and reallocation. |
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| **[8/14]** | **ATA / IDE Storage** | 28-bit LBA PIO hard disk controller supporting sector read/write operations on primary master. |
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| **[9/14]** | **PCI, VirtIO & Net** | PCI bus enumerator, VirtIO core, and Intel 82540EM Gigabit NIC with circular DMA RX/TX descriptors. |
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| **[10/14]** | **Security & Keyring** | Loads X.509 trusted certificate authority keyring and enforces POSIX Capabilities Linux Security Module (LSM). |
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| **[11/14]** | **io_uring Subsystem** | Lockless Submission Queue Entry (SQE) & Completion Queue Entry (CQE) asynchronous I/O engine. |
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| **[12/14]** | **Virtual File System** | Mounts root in-memory RAMFS, synthetic `/dev` devfs, `/proc` procfs, and unpacks embedded initramfs tree. |
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| **[13/14]** | **Scheduler & LazyBox** | Starts round-robin preemptive scheduler and launches LazyBox interactive userland environment. |
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| **[14/14]** | **Hardware Interrupts** | Enables processor interrupts (`sti`) and transitions to userland shell. |
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| **[1/18]** | **64-Bit GDT & TSS** | Configures flat kernel/user code & data segments and Task State Segment with dedicated 64KB kernel stack. |
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| **[2/18]** | **IDT & ISR Table** | Populates 256-entry interrupt descriptor table with CPU exception handlers and hardware IRQ routing. |
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| **[3/18]** | **Dual 8259A PIC** | Remaps master (IRQ 0-7 -> 0x20-0x27) and slave (IRQ 8-15 -> 0x28-0x2F) interrupt controllers. |
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| **[4/18]** | **PIT & Timer Wheel** | Configures 8254 PIT channel 0 for 100 Hz (10ms resolution) driving quantum preemption & timer wheel. |
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| **[5/18]** | **Input & ACPI** | PS/2 Keyboard scancode decoder, PS/2 Mouse packet tracker, and ACPI power management subsystem. |
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| **[6/18]** | **PMM & Dynamic Heap** | 64-bit bitmap frame allocator tracking usable RAM via BIOS E820 map and 4 MB dynamic kernel heap. |
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| **[7/18]** | **Block Layer & ATA** | Generic Block Layer with request queues, 'noop' elevator scheduler, and 28-bit LBA ATA driver. |
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| **[8/18]** | **PCI, VirtIO, FB & USB** | PCI bus enumerator, VirtIO core, Linear 32-bit Framebuffer graphics, and USB host controller. |
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| **[9/18]** | **L2-L4 Network Stack** | Intel E1000 NIC, ARP cache, IPv4 routing, ICMP Ping, UDP, TCP state machine, DHCP & DNS. |
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| **[10/18]** | **Sound Architecture** | Audio core driver, AC'97 soundcard, PCM stream buffer, and Formant Text-to-Speech synthesizer. |
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| **[11/18]** | **Keyring & Security** | Loads X.509 trusted certificate authority keyring and enforces POSIX Capabilities Linux Security Module. |
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| **[12/18]** | **IPC Engine** | Anonymous Pipes, System V & POSIX Message Queues, Shared Memory segments, and Semaphore sets. |
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| **[13/18]** | **io_uring Subsystem** | Lockless Submission Queue Entry (SQE) & Completion Queue Entry (CQE) asynchronous I/O engine. |
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| **[14/18]** | **Multi-VFS Mount** | Root RAMFS, synthetic `/dev` devfs, `/proc` procfs, `/sys` sysfs, FAT32 driver, ext2 driver & initramfs. |
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| **[15/18]** | **Kernel Core Services** | POSIX Signal manager (32 signals), Async Workqueues, 64-bit Fast Syscalls, and Dynamic Module Loader. |
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| **[16/18]** | **Scheduler & LazyBox** | Starts round-robin preemptive scheduler and launches LazyBox interactive userland environment. |
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| **[17/18]** | **Hardware Interrupts** | Enables processor interrupts (`sti`) and transitions to userland shell. |
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| **[18/18]** | **Interactive Shell** | Launches multi-TTY interactive terminal console on TTY1. |
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---
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## 🌟 Subsystems & Linux Directory Structure
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## 🌟 Subsystems & Codebase Architecture
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### 1. Bootloader & Kernel Core (`arch/x86_64/`, `kernel/`)
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- **Two-Stage Custom MBR Bootloader**:
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- `boot/boot.asm`: 512-byte MBR sector loaded at `0x7C00` that loads Stage 2 using BIOS INT 13h extensions.
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- `boot/stage2.asm`: Enables A20 line, queries E820 memory map, builds 4-level PML4 identity paging tables (4GB address space), transitions through 32-bit Protected Mode into 64-bit Long Mode, and loads kernel in 64-sector chunks.
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- **Preemptive Multi-Tasking**: Process Control Blocks (PCB), round-robin task scheduler driven by timer ticks, atomic spinlocks, and semaphores.
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- **Kernel Logging & Serial Diagnostics**: ANSI color `printk()` supporting loglevels (`KERN_INFO`, `KERN_WARN`, `KERN_ERR`), a 64KB kernel `dmesg` ring buffer, and simultaneous output to COM1 serial port.
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### 2. Early Initialization & Versioning (`init/`)
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- `init/cmdline.c`: Kernel command line parsing (`root=`, `console=`, `init=`, `quiet`, etc.) and system runlevel management (`RUNLEVEL_SINGLE`, `RUNLEVEL_MULTIUSER`, `RUNLEVEL_GRAPHICAL`).
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- `init/version.c`: Version metadata and banner formatting.
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### 3. X.509 Cryptographic Keyring (`certs/`)
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- `certs/x509.c`: ASN.1 DER parser for X.509 v3 public key certificates (Subject, Issuer, Validity, SHA-256 Fingerprint, RSA/ECDSA trust validation).
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- System trusted keyring supporting kernel module and executable signature verification.
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### 4. Asynchronous I/O Engine (`io_uring/`)
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- `io_uring/io_uring.c`: High-performance non-blocking asynchronous I/O ringbuffers with SQE (Submission Queue Entries) and CQE (Completion Queue Entries) for concurrent disk and network I/O.
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### 5. Linux Security Modules & Capabilities (`security/`)
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- `security/lsm.c`: Hookable security infrastructure with DAC and MAC permission callbacks.
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- `security/capability.c`: POSIX Capabilities model (`CAP_CHOWN`, `CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE`, `CAP_NET_RAW`, `CAP_SYS_ADMIN`, etc.).
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### 6. Userspace Initramfs & Payload (`usr/`)
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- `usr/initramfs.c`: Populates filesystem tree (`/usr/bin`, `/var/log`, `/etc/passwd`, `/etc/issue`, `/etc/fstab`).
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### 7. Virtualization & VirtIO Subsystem (`virt/`)
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- `virt/hypervisor.c`: Hypervisor detection via CPUID leaves (QEMU, KVM, VMware, VirtualBox, Hyper-V).
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- `virt/virtio.c`: VirtIO core device driver registration and split virtqueue framework.
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### 8. Memory Management Subsystem (`mm/`)
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- **Physical Memory Manager (`pmm.c`)**: Page frame allocator managing physical RAM using a high-efficiency bitmap.
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- **Kernel Dynamic Heap (`kmalloc.c`)**: Provides `kmalloc`, `kzalloc`, `kcalloc`, `krealloc`, and `kfree` with boundary tag headers and adjacent block coalescing.
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### 9. Virtual File System (`fs/`)
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- **Unified VFS Core (`vfs.c`)**: Posix-like file operations (`open`, `read`, `write`, `close`, `lseek`, `mkdir`, `create`) with hierarchical path resolution (`vfs_namei`) and support for up to 64 file descriptors.
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- **Root RAMFS (`ramfs.c`)**: Dynamic in-memory directory and file tree with auto-expanding data buffers.
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- **Synthetic Device Filesystem (`devfs.c`)**: Mounted at `/dev`, providing `/dev/null`, `/dev/zero`, `/dev/random`, `/dev/urandom`, and `/dev/tty`.
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- **Process Metrics Filesystem (`procfs.c`)**: Mounted at `/proc`, generating dynamic metrics (`/proc/version`, `/proc/meminfo`, `/proc/cpuinfo`, `/proc/uptime`, `/proc/net/dev`).
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### 10. Hardware Drivers (`drivers/`)
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- **VGA & TTY (`vga.c`, `tty.c`)**: 80x25 text mode driver with 4 Virtual Consoles (TTY1-4 switched via `Alt+F1`–`Alt+F4`) and full ANSI escape sequence parsing.
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- **Serial Port (`serial.c`)**: 16550 UART COM1 driver at 115200 baud.
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- **PS/2 Keyboard (`keyboard.c`)**: Interrupt-driven scancode decoder with modifier state machine and full Ctrl+key combination mapping.
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- **ATA / IDE Disk (`ata.c`)**: 28-bit LBA PIO disk controller.
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- **PCI Bus (`pci.c`)**: Enumeration and Base Address Register (BAR) configuration.
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- **Intel E1000 Gigabit NIC (`e1000.c`)**: Intel 82540EM Gigabit NIC driver with hardware DMA ringbuffers.
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- **PC Speaker (`speaker.c`)**: Programmable timer channel 2 tone generator.
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### 11. Cryptography Engine (`crypto/`)
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- **SHA-256 (`sha256.c`)**: FIPS 180-4 compliant 256-bit cryptographic digest.
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- **MD5 (`md5.c`)**: RFC 1321 compliant 128-bit hash function.
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- **CRC32 (`crc32.c`)**: IEEE 802.3 standard cyclic redundancy check.
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- **PRNG (`prng.c`)**: Xorshift128+ cryptographic pseudo-random number generator.
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```text
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SUB-OS/
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├── arch/x86_64/ # Long Mode bootstrap, GDT, IDT, ISRs, PIC, PIT, CPUID, Paging
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├── block/ # Block Layer Core, Request Queues, Elevator I/O Schedulers
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├── boot/ # Stage 1 MBR Bootloader & Stage 2 64-Bit Protected Mode Switcher
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├── certs/ # X.509 ASN.1 DER Parser, Public Key Verification & Root Keyring
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├── crypto/ # FIPS SHA-256, RFC 1321 MD5, IEEE 802.3 CRC32, Xorshift128+ PRNG
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├── drivers/
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│ ├── block/ # ATA / IDE Hard Disk PIO Driver (28-bit LBA)
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│ ├── char/ # VGA Text, TTY1-4 with ANSI sequences, 16550 UART Serial, PS/2 Keyboard
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│ ├── input/ # PS/2 Mouse Driver with packet tracking
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│ ├── net/ # Intel 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet NIC with DMA Descriptors
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│ ├── pci/ # PCI Bus Enumeration & BAR Configuration
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│ ├── power/ # ACPI S5 Soft-Off Power Management & Reset
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│ ├── rtc/ # CMOS Real-Time Clock Hardware Driver (BCD conversion)
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│ ├── sound/ # PC Speaker Tone Generator
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│ ├── usb/ # USB Host Controller Abstraction
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│ └── video/ # 32-bit Linear Framebuffer Graphics Engine
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├── fs/ # VFS Layer, RAMFS, devfs (/dev), procfs (/proc), sysfs (/sys), FAT32, ext2
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├── include/ # Modular Subsystem Header Files
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├── init/ # Early Initialization, Boot Command Line Parser, Versioning & Runlevels
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├── io_uring/ # Asynchronous I/O Engine with SQE & CQE Lockless Ringbuffers
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├── ipc/ # Anonymous Pipes, Message Queues, Shared Memory, Counting Semaphores
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├── kernel/ # Task Scheduler, Mutexes, Signals, Syscalls, Timers, Workqueues, Modules
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├── lib/ # Standard C Library (string, sprintf, bitmap, list)
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├── mm/ # Physical Page Frame Allocator (PMM) & Dynamic Heap (kmalloc)
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├── net/ # Ethernet, ARP, IPv4, ICMP, UDP, TCP, DHCP, DNS, BSD Sockets
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├── security/ # Linux Security Modules (LSM) & POSIX Capabilities
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├── sound/ # ALSA Sound Core, AC'97 Driver, PCM Audio & Text-to-Speech (TTS) Engine
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├── usr/ # Embedded Initramfs Payload Tree (/etc/passwd, /etc/fstab, /usr/bin)
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└── userland/ # Full-Screen GNU Nano Editor & 50+ LazyBox Core Utilities
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```
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---
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@@ -165,18 +153,18 @@ You can write, edit, search, and save files directly to the VFS.
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---
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## 🧰 LazyBox Multi-Call Userland Suite
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## 🧰 LazyBox Multi-Call Userland Suite (50+ Utilities)
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SUB-OS ships with an extensive multi-call userland binary suite (`lazybox`):
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| Category | Commands |
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| Category | Commands Included |
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|---|---|
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| **Core** | `lazybox`, `echo`, `whoami`, `id`, `date`, `cal` |
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| **Core** | `lazybox`, `echo`, `whoami`, `id`, `date` (CMOS RTC), `cal` |
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| **Filesystem & Editor** | `nano`, `ls`, `cat`, `touch`, `mkdir`, `pwd`, `cd`, `wc`, `head`, `tail`, `stat`, `cp`, `grep`, `hexdump` |
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| **Crypto & Security** | `sha256sum`, `md5sum`, `crc32`, `rand`, `certcheck`, `capsh` |
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| **Network** | `ifconfig`, `ping`, `arp` |
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| **Storage & Devices** | `hdparm`, `lspci`, `speaker` |
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| **Virtualization** | `virtinfo`, `io_uring_test` |
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| **Sound & Voice** | `tts` (Phonetic Formant Voice Synthesizer), `alsamixer` |
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| **Kernel & Modules** | `lsmod`, `insmod`, `rmmod` |
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| **Crypto & Security** | `sha256sum`, `md5sum`, `crc32`, `rand`, `certcheck`, `capsh`, `ipcs` |
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| **Network** | `ifconfig`, `ping`, `arp`, `dhclient`, `nslookup` |
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| **Storage & Devices** | `hdparm`, `lspci`, `speaker`, `mouse` |
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| **Virtualization & Async**| `virtinfo`, `io_uring_test` |
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| **System Monitoring** | `uname`, `free`, `uptime`, `dmesg`, `ps`, `top`, `sleep`, `reboot`, `poweroff` |
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| **Terminal** | `clear`, `neofetch`, `help` |
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@@ -184,11 +172,6 @@ SUB-OS ships with an extensive multi-call userland binary suite (`lazybox`):
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## 🚀 Building & Running
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### Prerequisites
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- `gcc` (with `-ffreestanding`, `-fno-pie`, `-mcmodel=kernel`) or `x86_64-elf-gcc`
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- `nasm` (Netwide Assembler)
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- `qemu-system-x86_64` (for hardware virtualization)
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### Compilation
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```bash
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make clean
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@@ -197,6 +180,5 @@ make
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### Emulation in QEMU
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```bash
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# Run with Intel Gigabit NIC, ATA drive, PC Speaker, and Serial Console
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qemu-system-x86_64 -drive format=raw,file=SUB-OS.img -nic model=e1000 -serial stdio -audiodev id=snd0,driver=pa -machine pcspk-audiodev=snd0
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```
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