Files
subhobhai943andClaude Opus 5 ecdc5be435 feat(exec): Run userland in ring 3 with an ELF64 loader and per-process page tables
SUB-OS had a syscall table and user GDT descriptors but nothing that could
actually leave ring 0: lazybox and the shell run as kernel code, and
syscall_handler() was never reachable from a user program. This adds the
missing path end to end on x86_64.

Address spaces (arch/x86_64/mm/vmspace.c)
- The boot page tables identity-map the low 4 GB off PML4[0] and leave the
  rest empty, so userland is given its own PML4 slot (512 GiB) rather than
  holes punched in the kernel's 2 MB huge-page map. A process PML4 shares
  entry 0 with the kernel and privately owns entry 1.
- Frames outside the identity map are refused rather than written through an
  unmapped pointer; lifting that needs a recursive map or a higher-half
  direct map, which is noted in the file.

ELF loader (kernel/elf.c)
- Validates ELF64/little-endian/ET_EXEC/machine, bounds-checks every program
  header against both the image and the user address range, and lays PT_LOAD
  segments into an address space. Frames arrive zeroed, so .bss is covered.

Ring transition (arch/x86_64/cpu/usermode.asm)
- user_enter() drops to ring 3 via iretq after scrubbing every GPR, and
  user_return() unwinds back to it when the process exits, so exec looks like
  a call that blocks until the program finishes.

Syscalls
- INT 0x80 installed at DPL 3 with the Linux x86_64 register convention.
  The process gets its own kernel stack for the trap, because TSS.rsp0 must
  not point at the stack user_enter() is standing on.
- Every user pointer is range-checked before use. The process page tables are
  still live during a syscall, so without that check a program could pass a
  kernel address and have write(2) dump kernel text to the console. The new
  /sbin/init asserts both a wild pointer and a kernel pointer are rejected.
- write(2) to stdout/stderr routes through the new console_write(), which
  reuses printk's routing so output reaches serial and the framebuffer
  console rather than only the VGA text buffer.

Faults
- A ring 3 exception now kills that process and reports CR2 instead of
  panicking the machine.

Userland (userland/init/)
- /sbin/init is a real freestanding static executable, linked at the user
  base and embedded in the kernel image by scripts/mkblob.py. It reports its
  pid, verifies .bss was zeroed and .data is writable, checks the two pointer
  rejections, and exits.

aarch64 and armv8i keep building: the loader and exec path are portable, and
those ports get honest vmspace stubs that fail cleanly rather than pretending
to run a program with kernel privileges.

Verified under QEMU: init loads at 0x80004000a0, reports pid 1, .bss zeroed,
.data writable, both bad pointers rejected, and exits 0 back into the shell.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_0161Jh7uCEMLYEMNPsjC1LKf
2026-08-25 06:37:20 +00:00

99 lines
2.6 KiB
C

#ifndef _KERNEL_ELF_H
#define _KERNEL_ELF_H
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <mm/vmspace.h>
/* ELF64 object file format, as far as a static executable needs it. */
typedef uint64_t Elf64_Addr;
typedef uint64_t Elf64_Off;
typedef uint16_t Elf64_Half;
typedef uint32_t Elf64_Word;
typedef uint64_t Elf64_Xword;
#define EI_NIDENT 16
typedef struct {
unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
Elf64_Half e_type;
Elf64_Half e_machine;
Elf64_Word e_version;
Elf64_Addr e_entry;
Elf64_Off e_phoff;
Elf64_Off e_shoff;
Elf64_Word e_flags;
Elf64_Half e_ehsize;
Elf64_Half e_phentsize;
Elf64_Half e_phnum;
Elf64_Half e_shentsize;
Elf64_Half e_shnum;
Elf64_Half e_shstrndx;
} __attribute__((packed)) Elf64_Ehdr;
typedef struct {
Elf64_Word p_type;
Elf64_Word p_flags;
Elf64_Off p_offset;
Elf64_Addr p_vaddr;
Elf64_Addr p_paddr;
Elf64_Xword p_filesz;
Elf64_Xword p_memsz;
Elf64_Xword p_align;
} __attribute__((packed)) Elf64_Phdr;
/* e_ident indices and values */
#define EI_CLASS 4
#define EI_DATA 5
#define EI_VERSION 6
#define ELFCLASS64 2
#define ELFDATA2LSB 1
#define EV_CURRENT 1
/* e_type */
#define ET_EXEC 2
#define ET_DYN 3
/* e_machine */
#define EM_X86_64 62
#define EM_AARCH64 183
#define EM_ARM 40
/* p_type */
#define PT_NULL 0
#define PT_LOAD 1
#define PT_DYNAMIC 2
#define PT_INTERP 3
#define PT_NOTE 4
#define PT_PHDR 6
#define PT_GNU_STACK 0x6474e551
/* p_flags */
#define PF_X 0x1
#define PF_W 0x2
#define PF_R 0x4
/* elf_load return codes */
#define ELF_OK 0
#define ELF_ETRUNCATED -1 /* image smaller than the headers claim */
#define ELF_EMAGIC -2 /* not an ELF file */
#define ELF_ECLASS -3 /* not ELF64 little-endian */
#define ELF_ETYPE -4 /* not a static executable */
#define ELF_EMACHINE -5 /* built for another architecture */
#define ELF_ERANGE -6 /* a segment falls outside the user range */
#define ELF_ENOMEM -7 /* out of physical pages */
#define ELF_ENOENTRY -8 /* entry point is not inside any PT_LOAD */
const char* elf_strerror(int err);
/*
* Parse a static ELF64 executable held in kernel memory and lay its PT_LOAD
* segments into `vm`. On success *entry_out receives e_entry and *brk_out the
* page-aligned end of the highest segment, which is where the heap starts.
*/
int elf_load(vmspace_t* vm, const void* image, size_t len,
uint64_t* entry_out, uint64_t* brk_out);
#endif /* _KERNEL_ELF_H */